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:''This article is about the history of Iran after the 1979 revolution. For a history of Iran before 1979, see History of Iran.'' One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Autocratic monarchy was replaced by an Islamic Republic based on the principle of rule by Islamic jurists, (or "''Velayat-e faqih''"), where clerics serve as head of state and in many powerful governmental roles. A pro-Western, pro-American foreign policy was exchanged for one of "neither east nor west", said to rest on the three "pillars" of mandatory veil (''hijab'') for women, and opposition to the United States and Israel.〔(Reading Khamenei by Karmin Sadjadpour ) p.14〕 A rapidly modernizing, capitalist economy〔["Modern Iran: roots and results of revolution", p.133, 227〕〔''Iran : The Illusion of Power'' by Robert Graham, p.18, 19, 20, 83〕 was replaced by populist and Islamic economic and cultural policies. The leader of the revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, was Iran's supreme leader until his death in 1989.〔[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-32981 Encyclopædia Britannica].〕 He was followed by Ali Khamenei. ==General trends== During the era of the Islamic Republic, Iran has grown from 39 million (1980) to 70 million people. Some things remain much as they were under the monarchy. Iran has retained its status as a major regional power — it is far larger than any of its gulf neighbors, and possesses large reserves of gas and oil.〔Abrahamian, ''History of Modern Iran'', (2008), p.194〕 Its national cohesion brought by a long history as a nation, strong central state government and its oil export revenues have brought it "respectable" levels of income, literacy, college enrollment, infant mortality, and infrastructure.〔 Modern trends found under the monarchy, such as urbanization, growing enrollment in higher education〔which went from 155,000 in 1977 to 135,700 in 1982 (when universities reopened after cultural revolution) to a peak of 1,048,000 in 1995. from UNESCO Division of Statistics, quoted in Brumberg, Daniel, ''Reinventing Khomeini : The Struggle for Reform in Iran'', University of Chicago Press, 2001, p.188〕 and literacy, continued. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Islamic Republic of Iran」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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